#Plasma proteins pdf free

Some other biochemical indicator levels, including those of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bile acids, were the same in all LDR groups ( Figure 2, Supplemental Table 1). For example, creatine kinase and urea levels were gradually and significantly decreased in the 0.1 Gy (Г—5) and 0.5 Gy (Г—1) groups ( P < 0.05) in contrast, cholesterol was upregulated in all groups, except for in the 0.02 Gy (Г—10) group ( P < 0.05), in which it was significantly upregulated ( Figure 2). Moreover, some tissue functions were altered after LDR. Peripheral blood counts of (A) white blood cells (WBC), (B) lymphocytes (LYM), (C) red blood cells (RBC), and (D) platelets (PLT) at 24 h after the last irradiation dose.

The present study aimed to determine whether plasma proteins are useful as biodosimetric markers.Д¬hanges in murine peripheral blood count after low-dose radiation (LDR). Based on the protein profiles, several proteins were selected for validation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Here, we examined LDR-induced dysfunctions and abnormalities and determined plasma protein expression profiles using an antibody array in a murine model exposed to low-dose total-body irradiation. 5, 15, 16 Dysregulated expression of cytokines after LDR has not been widely investigated as a biomarker for LDR, as this may not sufficiently reflect a correlation with pathogenesis. 12 However, several reports suggested that the cytokines may be upregulated or downregulated upon LDR exposure in mice and humans, as they are important immune regulators that respond to radiation. In contrast, only 2% of control subjects showed dysregulation of these cytokines. 13, 14 Additionally, 75% of radiation workers had either high monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels or low interleukin (IL)-10 levels, and 30% exhibited dysregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor О± and IL-10 activity. 11 - 13 For example, plasma metabolic and lipidomic profile analysis showed major changes in glycerophospholipid, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism in mice exposed to low doses of oxygen ions ( 16O) and protons ( 1H). LDR exposure may induce diverse molecular cascades associated with metabolism and the inflammatory response. However, conventional dosimetry, including monitoring of prodromal symptoms or peripheral blood cell counts, are mostly indicated as a linear dose-response for HDR and have limited value as biomarkers for radiation damage after LDR exposure. 10 Biodosimetry of LDR may be useful for revealing whether radiation protection is required or for predicting possible health issues, such as an increased risk of carcinogenesis.

#Plasma proteins pdf free

1 - 4 Long-term exposure to LDR may trigger several specific biological responses that differ from those induced by high-dose radiation (HDR), including dysregulation of the immune and inflammatory systems 5 - 8 downregulation of free radical scavengers and enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 9 and DNA damage, which indicates tissue dysfunction and a risk of carcinogenesis. In recent years, exposure of the general population to low-dose radiation (LDR) has increased remarkably, such as during airport security checks or medical radiographic inspection. Estimating the levels of certain plasma proteins may yield promising biodosimetry parameters to accurately identify individuals exposed to LDR, facilitating risk assessment of long-term LDR exposure in individuals. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12p40, P-selectin, and serum amyloid A1 were associated with the LDR dose and thus may be useful as dosimetric predictors of LDR in mice. Specific plasma proteins in the LDR groups were altered in response to a higher dose of irradiation at the same time points or a single-dose equivalent to the same total dose. LDR induced inapparent symptoms but slight variations in peripheral blood cell counts and alterations in blood biochemical indicator levels. An antibody array was applied followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the utility of multiple plasma proteins as biomarkers of repeated LDR in a murine model. Mice were subjected to gamma-irradiation with repeated or single-dose LDR, and then the organ indices, peripheral hemogram, and blood biochemistry were analyzed. Here, we examined whether biodosimetry of LDR can be used to protect tissues from radiation or assess cancer risk. Long-term exposures to low-dose radiation (LDR) may trigger several specific biological responses, including dysregulation of the immune and inflammatory systems.